Sibling test (brothers, sisters)

Brother test

We determine without the father’s sample whether or not two brothers descend from the same paternal line.
23 markers on the male sex chromosome Y are analysed.
The average frequency of the genotype in the investigated population group will be indicated. With this test one can trace back 2 to 3 paternal generations.

Sister test

We determine whether two sisters descend from the same father without his sample:
this indirect paternity test confirms whether or not they are paternal half sisters.
This case can be proven with more than 99.99% probability or 100% excluded by means of X chromosomal testing:
12 markers on the sex chromosome X are analysed, the individual probability is calculated and as high as a direct paternity test.
In case they have the same mother, the mother must also be tested to determine whether they are full sisters or half sisters.

Complex kinship analyses

In case of siblings of different sexes, a probability can be calculated with which they are descended from the same parents or from the same father if the mothers are also tested.
For complex questions and deficiency cases where few test persons’ samples are available, advanced calculation methods are required to analyse parentage cases. Our software uses the combinatorial deficiency analysis method to determine possible pedigree constellations and utilises the kinship algorithm to determine the genotypic pedigree probability. We can freely define hypothesis and counter-hypothesis and are therefore able to clarify almost any relationship as long as suitable test persons are available.
Calculations in incest cases: If there is a parental or sibling relationship between the mother and putative father (or putative mother and father),
We apply special formulae to calculate the Paternity Index (PI), as the independence of the parental genotypes is no longer given. Our software also offers suitable options for this case if this fact is known in advance.

Twin analyses

Determining the zygosity (monozygotic or dizygotic) of twins can have medical, scientific and personal significance.
We determine whether twins are identical or non-identical.